建筑物立面分类与DIM点云滤波     

崔颖  黄鹤  刘祥磊  罗德安 《测绘通报》2021,(3):55-59

针对目前基于近景摄影测量方法构建建筑物立面模型过程中因密集影像匹配（DIM）点云噪声所引起的建筑物立面TIN网格模型畸变问题,本文借鉴机器学习中样本学习的思想,对建筑物立面进行了分类并对DIM点云提出了相应的滤波方法,以达到去除DIM点云噪声和改善其TIN网格模型畸变的目的。其中,针对平面结构立面,采取先对点云样本进行学习计算构建数学立面模型所需参数,再对该立面模型设定阈值并对其点云进行滤波处理的方法;针对曲面结构立面,则结合DIM点云特性先将点云样本分类标记归为立面点与非立面点,再进行样本特征值学习,使用Logistic回归算法迭代计算求解最佳回归系数,从而构建滤波分类器的方法对立面点云进行滤波处理。试验结果表明,本文滤波处理方法能将立面DIM点云噪声有效识别并去除,而且使用该方法处理后所得点云构建的建筑物立面TIN网格模型精细化程度得到有效提高,模型质量得到明显改善。  相似文献   

空间特性约束的县域耕地生产效益评价——以紫云苗族布依族自治县为例     

李辉  吴启明  申朝永  刘芳  李婷  张峥 《测绘通报》2021,(10):150-153

本文以紫云苗族布依族自治县为试点,首先利用地理信息空间分析技术,分析评价耕地空间特征、农业物资运输配套设施空间分布、农业灌溉资源空间分布等因子对耕地生产效益的影响。然后从地理国情普查、耕地地球化学质量调查等成果数据中甄选影响因子,构建影响因子样本集,提出梯度距离概念,计算等级耕地经济效益权重,并构建偏最小二乘回归模型,评价各因子对耕地生产效益的影响。最后从地理空间角度提出了提升县域农业生产效益的改良措施。  相似文献   

地理空间要素与贫困分布的关系研究——以赫章县为例     

张兰兰  吴启明  申朝永  刘芳  陈砚国 《测绘通报》2021,(12):120-123,129

本文以赫章县为例,以乡镇为研究单元,从地形地貌、土地资源、交通条件等方面构建地理空间要素评价指标。并利用地理探测器、地理加权回归模型等方法,从空间的视角科学分析地理空间要素对贫困化空间分布的影响,揭示了贫困程度与资源环境的空间分布规律,为实现因地制宜、精准脱贫,以及巩固脱贫摘帽成果提供了决策参考。  相似文献   

中国区域加权平均温度的时空分析及模型研究     

聂檄晨  胡伍生  朱明晨  于先文  王庆 《测绘科学》2021,46(2):159-164

加权平均温度(T_m)是全球卫星导航系统技术反演大气可降水量的关键参数,影响着水汽反演的精度。针对传统的Bevis模型运用在中国区域精度不高的问题,该文提出新的增加时空参数的T_m多元线性回归模型。根据2013—2015年中国86个探空站点的探空资料,分析了T_m的时空特征;然后根据2013年站点资料,利用线性回归建模方法建立了中国区域的T_m单因子回归模型和增加了时空参数的T_m多因子回归模型,并利用2014—2015年的探空数据进行验证。T_m单因子回归模型和T_m多因子回归模型的精度分别为3.1 K和2.6 K,比Bevis模型(精度3.3 K)分别提高了约6.0%和21.2%。考虑到季节对T_m的影响,将T_m多因子回归模型按季节分段,得到按季节分段的T_m多因子回归模型,其精度与T_m多因子回归模型大致相当,但能更细致表达出不同季节T_m的精度情况。结果表明增加了时空参数的T_m多因子回归模型更加适合中国区域的加权平均温度T_m的计算。  相似文献   

一种多因子加权平均温度模型的构建方法     

李得宴  杨维芳  高志钰  蒋玉祥  李蓉蓉 《测绘科学》2021,46(3):73-79

针对在地基GNSS水汽反演的过程中,天顶湿延迟转换为大气可降水量时如何建立精确的大气加权平均温度(Tm)模型的问题,该文在建立Tm模型前全面考虑了对Tm有显著影响的变量并选择最优回归子集。但分析发现,最优回归子集中各变量之间存在较强的相关性,这将会导致变量之间存在多重共线性,从而影响模型的稳定性和可靠性。选择2013—2015年相关气象数据作为变量并应用岭回归的方法削弱变量之间的多重共线性,建立稳定的多因子Tm回归模型。并利用该模型分别预测2016年1—12月、2019年1—7月的Tm,均方根误差分别为2.3 K和2.0 K,预测精度较高,这将为高精度的水汽反演奠定较好的数据基础。  相似文献   

地形因子与小微地震相关度的空间异质性分析     

黄泽纯  刘子璞  于东雷  张倩宁 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(4):1-4

针对传统最小二乘回归未能顾及数据的空间特性,且无法度量模型自变量与因变量相关性的空间变异特性的问题,本文提出利用地理加权回归方法分析小微地震频次与地形因子相关度的空间异质性。以四川地区的地震监测资料、DEM为实验数据,选取地形复杂度、坡度变率、坡向变率和地面曲率为自变量,地震发生频次为因变量,构建地理加权回归模型,并进行回归系数的空间变异分析。实验分析发现,地震频次与地形因子具有一定的相关性:地形复杂度与地震频次相关性最强;坡度变率、沟壑密度、剖面曲率与地震频次的相关性依次减弱;不同空间位置的地形因子和地震频次的相关性具有较明显的空间异质性。实验结果表明,地理加权回归可以有效地度量分析地震频次与地形因子相关度的空间异质性,研究结果可为地震及次生灾害的分析与预报提供辅助决策参考。  相似文献   

不同采样点数量下土壤有机质含量空间预测方法对比   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

苏晓燕  赵永存  杨浩  陆访仪  孙维侠  王火焰  黄标  胡文友 《地学前缘》2011,18(6):34-40

运用普通克里格、泛克里格、协同克里格和回归克里格4种方法,结合由DEM获取的高程因子以及土壤全氮和阳离子交换量（CEC）,预测了黑龙江省海伦市耕地有机质含量的空间分布。不同样点数量下海伦市土壤有机质含量的空间变异结构分析表明,样点数量多并不一定能够识别土壤有机质含量的结构性连续组分,最优化的布置采样点位置可能比单纯增加...  相似文献   

新世纪上海地区相对海平面变化影响因素及预测方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王冬梅  程和琴  张先林  阮仁良 《上海国土资源》2011,32(3):35-40

针对传统相对海平面变化分析方法均将理论海平面变化和地面沉降进行的叠加分析,本文讨论和分析了近20年来全球理论海平面上升速率加快背景下的区域海平面变化速率,利用灰色线性回归组合模型预测上海地区海平面变化趋势。考虑了上海地面沉降发展的新特点,以及长江流域来沙显著减少和河口大型工程建设对上海地区相对海平面变化的影响。在流域来沙量显著减少但来水量变化不大情况下,流域大坝的坝下冲刷使得河槽刷深,河口水位降低,同时长江口深水航道整治工程和促淤围垦工程束狭入海口,使得潮位站水位发生变化,两者的综合效应是目前研究长江口相对海平面变化时必须考虑的重要因素。  相似文献   

Geological comparative studies of Japan Arc System and Kyushu-Palau Arc   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

YAN Quanshu  SHI Xuefa 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(4):107-121

Based on the published data of structure geology,geochronology,petrology and isotope geochemistry,the authors of this paper have conducted studies on the tectonic evolution history of Japan arc system and Kyushu-Palau ridge(KPR) . The studies show that the initial Japan arc system was resulted from the subduction of ancient Pacific plate beneath Eurasian Plate in Permian. It was part of an Andean-type continental volcanic arc which occurred in the offshore in the east of Asian during late Mesozoic era. The formation of tertiary back-arc basin(Japan Sea) resulted in the fundamental tectonic framework of the present arc system. Since Quaternary the system has been lying at E-W compression tectonic setting due to the eastward subduction of Amur Plate. It is expected that Japan arc system will be juxtaposed with Asian continent,which is similar to the present Taiwan arc system. The origin of Philippine Sea Plate(PSP) is still in debate. Some studies argued that it is a trapped oceanic crust segment,while the others insisted that it is a back-arc basin accompanied with ancient IBM arc. However,it is all agreed that the tectonic evolution of PSP started since 50 Ma,i.e.,PSP has drifted from the site around equator at 50 Ma to the present site,and the subduction of PSP along Nankai trough-Ryukyu Trench beneath the Japan arc system during 6-2 Ma led to the formation of the present Ryukyu arc system. Of the PSP,the KPR has been found with the oldest rocks formed at 38 Ma. Combining with its geochemical characteristics of oceanic arc tholeiite,it is suggested that KPR is an intraoceanic volcanic arc,more specifically,a relic arc(i.e.,rear arc of the ancient IBM) after rifting of ancient IBM. In addition,Amami-Daito province is of arc tectonic affinity,but has been affected by mantle plume. Therefore,based on their respective tectonic evolution history and geochemical characteristics of rock samples,it is inferred that there is no genetic relationship between Japan arc system and KPR. It is noted that rocks reflecting continental crust basement feature have been collected on the northern tip of KPR,which may be related to the process of KPR accreting on Japan arc,but the arc-continent accretion process are still at initial stage of modern continental crust accretion model. However,due to the scarcity of data of the northern tip of KPR,crustal structure of this location and its adjacent Nankai trough need to be further constrained by geophysical studies in the future.  相似文献   

Characterizing impulsive wave-in-deck loads on coastal bridges by probabilistic models of impact maxima and rise times     

Francesco Serinaldi  Giovanni Cuomo 《Coastal Engineering》2011

When waves impact a seawall, a vertical breakwater, an exposed jetty, a pier or a coastal bridge, they abruptly transfer their momentum into the structure. This energy transfer can be very violent and its duration exceptionally short. In the case of coastal bridges, whose spans are designed to have very short vibration period, wave impacts might have duration comparable to the natural period of oscillation of the structure, which therefore becomes prone to damage and failure. Previous forensic studies have documented the relative importance of impulsive loads on deck suspended structure, demonstrating the need to assess the effect of wave impacts on both the stability and the integrity of structural members since the early stages of the design. This requires the estimation of the dynamic characteristics of the loading pattern, and in particular the wave impulse and corresponding impact maxima and rise times. Based on the conservation of momentum, functional relationships between these parameters have been identified since pioneering work dating back to the late '30s of the 20th century. The complexity of the loading process, however, results in a significantly large variability of wave impact maxima and rise times even under similar conditions, suggesting the need for a probabilistic approach to the definition of the relationship between these two variables, to be applied when estimating the dynamic properties of wave for use in structural analysis of coastal structures. In the recent past, some effort has been made to identify functional relationships between such quantities; these require the assessment of the conditional quantiles (or similarly the conditional distribution) of wave impact maxima given the rise times. In this paper, we compare three different statistical methods proposed in the literature to accomplish this task, in order to assess the reliability of the approach and suggest guidelines for practical applications. A copula-based method, Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS), and quantile regression are applied to measurements from large-scale 3-dimensional physical model tests. The investigation suggests that quantile regression gives the simplest results to be used in practice; copula approach and GAMLSS are possible alternative when semi-parametric or fully parametric modeling is needed.  相似文献